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CO(1) Programmer's Manual CO(1)
NAME
co - check out RCS revisions
SYNOPSIS
co [_✓o_✓p_✓t_✓i_✓o_✓n_✓s] _✓f_✓i_✓l_✓e ...
DESCRIPTION
co retrieves a revision from each RCS file and stores it
into the corresponding working file. Each file name ending
in ,v is taken to be an RCS file; all other files are
assumed to be working files. If only a working file is
given, co tries to find the corresponding RCS file in the
directory ./RCS and then in the current directory. For more
details, see FILE NAMING below.
Revisions of an RCS file may be checked out locked or
unlocked. Locking a revision prevents overlapping updates.
A revision checked out for reading or processing (e.g., com-
piling) need not be locked. A revision checked out for
editing and later checkin must normally be locked. Checkout
with locking fails if the revision to be checked out is
currently locked by another user. (A lock may be broken
with rcs(1).) Checkout with locking also requires the
caller to be on the access list of the RCS file, unless he
is the owner of the file or the superuser, or the access
list is empty. Checkout without locking is not subject to
accesslist restrictions, and is not affected by the presence
of locks.
A revision is selected by options for revision or branch
number, checkin date/time, author, or state. When the
selection options are applied in combination, co retrieves
the latest revision that satisfies all of them. If none of
the selection options is specified, co retrieves the latest
revision on the default branch (normally the trunk, see the
-b option of rcs(1)). A revision or branch number may be
attached to any of the options -f, -I, -l, -p, -q, -r, or
-u. The options -d (date), -s (state), and -w (author)
retrieve from a single branch, the _✓s_✓e_✓l_✓e_✓c_✓t_✓e_✓d branch, which is
either specified by one of -f, ..., -u, or the default
branch.
A co command applied to an RCS file with no revisions
creates a zero-length working file. co always performs key-
word substitution (see below).
OPTIONS
-r[_✓r_✓e_✓v]
retrieves the latest revision whose number is less than
or equal to _✓r_✓e_✓v. If _✓r_✓e_✓v indicates a branch rather than
a revision, the latest revision on that branch is
retrieved. If _✓r_✓e_✓v is omitted, the latest revision on
Printed 1/29/91 1990/12/04 1
CO(1) Programmer's Manual CO(1)
the default branch (see the -b option of rcs(1)) is
retrieved. A revision is composed of one or more
numeric or symbolic fields separated by periods. The
numeric equivalent of a symbolic field is specified
with the -n option of the commands ci(1) and rcs(1).
-l[_✓r_✓e_✓v]
same as -r, except that it also locks the retrieved
revision for the caller.
-u[_✓r_✓e_✓v]
same as -r, except that it unlocks the retrieved revi-
sion if it was locked by the caller. If _✓r_✓e_✓v is omit-
ted, -u retrieves the latest revision locked by the
caller; if no such lock exists, it retrieves the latest
revision on the default branch.
-f[_✓r_✓e_✓v]
forces the overwriting of the working file; useful in
connection with -q. See also FILE MODES below.
-kkv Generate keyword strings using the default form, e.g.
$Revision: 5.4 $ for the Revision keyword. A locker's
name is inserted in the value of the Header, Id, and
Locker keyword strings only as a file is being locked,
i.e. by ci -l and co -l. This is the default.
-kkvl
Like -kkv, except that a locker's name is always
inserted if the given revision is currently locked.
-kk Generate only keyword names in keyword strings; omit
their values. See KEYWORD SUBSTITUTION below. For
example, for the Revision keyword, generate the string
$Revision$ instead of $Revision: 5.4 $. This option is
useful to ignore differences due to keyword substitu-
tion when comparing different revisions of a file.
-ko Generate the old keyword string, present in the working
file just before it was checked in. For example, for
the Revision keyword, generate the string $Revision:
1.1 $ instead of $Revision: 5.4 $ if that is how the
string appeared when the file was checked in. This can
be useful for binary file formats that cannot tolerate
any changes to substrings that happen to take the form
of keyword strings.
-kv Generate only keyword values for keyword strings. For
example, for the Revision keyword, generate the string
5.4 instead of $Revision: 5.4 $. This can help gen-
erate files in programming languages where it is hard
to strip keyword delimiters like $Revision: $ from a
Printed 1/29/91 1990/12/04 2
CO(1) Programmer's Manual CO(1)
string. However, further keyword substitution cannot
be performed once the keyword names are removed, so
this option should be used with care. Because of this
danger of losing keywords, this option cannot be com-
bined with -l, and the owner write permission of the
working file is turned off; to edit the file later,
check it out again without -kv.
-p[_✓r_✓e_✓v]
prints the retrieved revision on the standard output
rather than storing it in the working file. This
option is useful when co is part of a pipe.
-q[_✓r_✓e_✓v]
quiet mode; diagnostics are not printed.
-I[_✓r_✓e_✓v]
interactive mode; the user is prompted and questioned
even if the standard input is not a terminal.
-d_✓d_✓a_✓t_✓e
retrieves the latest revision on the selected branch
whose checkin date/time is less than or equal to _✓d_✓a_✓t_✓e.
The date and time may be given in free format. The
time zone LT stands for local time; other common time
zone names are understood. For example, the following
_✓d_✓a_✓t_✓es are equivalent if local time is January 11, 1990,
8pm Pacific Standard Time (eight hours west of GMT):
8:00 pm lt
4:00 AM, Jan. 12, 1990 note: default is GMT
1990/01/12 04:00:00 RCS date format
Thu Jan 11 20:00:00 1990 LT output of ctime(3) + LT
Thu Jan 11 20:00:00 PST 1990 output of date(1)
Fri Jan 12 04:00:00 GMT 1990
Thu, 11 Jan 1990 20:00:00 -0800
Fri-JST, 1990, 1pm Jan 12
12-January-1990, 04:00-WET
Most fields in the date and time may be defaulted. The
default time zone is GMT. The other defaults are
determined in the order year, month, day, hour, minute,
and second (most to least significant). At least one
of these fields must be provided. For omitted fields
that are of higher significance than the highest pro-
vided field, the time zone's current values are
assumed. For all other omitted fields, the lowest pos-
sible values are assumed. For example, the date 20,
10:30 defaults to 10:30:00 GMT of the 20th of the GMT
time zone's current month and year. The date/time must
be quoted if it contains spaces.
Printed 1/29/91 1990/12/04 3
CO(1)